Ayu PV has degraded
 

is it just me or Ayu's PV quality has degraded.
Between 99-03 all her pvs are unique and has a good storyline or message behind it. Like OUrselves, VOyage etc.
However, just after MOMENTS which is 2004, her PV is degrading ..
from Inspire, to CAROLS to STEP you to fairyland and even HEAVEN (boring no plot).
Im so disappointed. i hope ayu will make a good PV next time ~ :thud


PS, what is with ayu and shirtless male dancers ... like in AT 06 and in the PV :S

I absolutely loved HEAVEN!
I think it's one of her best PVs! The moment when the lights go on and the wave of air blows into her hair... amazin! *__*

excatly.

I agree. Her PVs have been quite bad since "Moments". Except for "alterna" of course, which is her best PV ever made. "HEAVEN" and "STEP you" are acceptable. But the rest... Essh.

Actually, is this LOVE was really good too. >___>

But recently, yeah, she's sorta going down... I think it's the new directors... I gotta admit that vids directed by her long-time director (forgot his name) seem to be better (HEAVEN was one of them). Although not always, since my name's WOMEN was also directed by the long time guy, but didn't come out that good...

Wataru Takeishi.

He did fairyland and HEAVEN last year. :]

:yes "alterna" was the greatest.

this is kinda hard to judge since most of us arent a movie director or anything close.. but i like ayu old pvs and new pvs.
her pvs are just different now.
i thought ourselves was a horrible pv ... also Voyage..( the whole movie was awful) so not all of them where so "great" like most people say, but eh.. thats my point of view

i think alternas was a piece of crap.. so there you go..just because you like it doesnt means that its good. or maybe it is.. and i'm just dumb and dont find the "beauty" in it

o___O STEP you was one of her bestest pv's

Why the attitude? :irked

I was just saying that I thought "alterna" was her best PV... I like it, I think it's good. I really don't get why you're being mean....

I'm not sure..

It's probably because most people worship alterna as her best recent PV since sliced bread xD

~_~ So he's probably like 'Well, I don't like it /anger'

I think it was good, but I thought most of her PVs were good this year.. even Startin' despite how LAME it was. It was well done xD

Becouse alterna was her bestest PV... >___>
It wasn't beautiful, it was hell ugly -- It was twisted, crazy, dark, gothic, unlike anything she's done before. She was really saying things to us using images, unlike many other of her PVs...

STEPyou was kinda boring IMO. is this LOVE? was more interesting to watch...
And my name's WOMEN, if I'm not wrong?...

I think what's happening is that a lot of her suck pvs (for me it's B&D, Pride, BLUE BIRD, Born to be..., startin') are starting to overshadow her decent/really great ones (Ladies Night, STEP you, rainy day, alterna, is this LOVE?). Too bad for most of us that feel this way, these suck pvs are released in consecutive order. :/

This ayu of 2006 is really depressing me. So much that I've been getting into cutesy boyband jpop. And that's desperate.

OMG, I wanna too! Do you know some cute - or rather handsome - jpop boybands?... Just please, not ballads... I feel like every male asian singer sings ballads only 0_o

I didn't mention it cause it was for the MY STORY album but yeah.

I think that guy who did CAROLS and is this LOVE? can go explode. [Same guy who did Startin'/Born to Be..]

Masashi Muto GRRRRRRR. Kouki Tange plz make more Ayu PVs! [Because of You, ourselves, alterna]

i dont really like her PVs for the past few years. maybe with the exception of GAME, About You, alterna and Bold & Delicious. others were jus plain boring and singing to the camera only. disappointing. Born To Be... sucked. cant even see a single thing. only light bulbs and more light bulbs.

KAT-TUN, NewS, Toho/Dongbang Shin Ki~ XD, TOKIO, a lot of Johnny's people

I dunno what else ;-;

it was the same guy? 0_o I liked is this LOVE? can't believe he made such a boring PV as Born to Be... lovely, but sorry, my eyes don't have sunglesses built in... >_>

and Becouse of You, ourselves and alterna is the same dir? Now that makes sense! :D

TOKIO is cute popband? I thought they're hardrock or semicore or... I dunno... but that would explain why they were on MS xD

Yeah, well I don't know why there's all the attitude... I don't like "BLUE BIRD" and I don't go around saying that to people that likes it... And I don't really get angry because I don't personally like the PV...

"just because you like it doesnt means that its good."

I never said that everybody think it's good or must like it. I think the PV is great and that's why I like it... :shrug

Ayu should've danced with a fat guy in this.

Ai Otsuka time >3<

YesyesDBSK!!! :love Though I prefer their korean releases. "Rising Sun" sounded quite odd in Japanese. Kanjani8 needs love too...*drooollssss* And duo-sexy-tastic Tackey & Tsubasa.

MKAY back on topic. Ayu. Man. These PVs lately. Bad. ;3

You mean like in SMILY PV?:thud

I've read some obese ppl are pretty popular in Japan, so called "tarento", right?... She could have picked one for the PV:D

WAIT, no... they don't really fit the "BIRD" word do they?...

BLUE BIRD could've used an ANGEL'S SONG thing with a kungfu Ayubluejay. :[

But then again, that has nothing to do with the beach ;[

They could fight on the beach :P

I was thinking of her singing to the camera while in a shadowed corridor full of blue cobwebs! She'd be tearing them apart while singing, and, you know, emotionally weaving her hands around as she always does. Then something about birds... kinda like the scene from Depend on You, where blue butterflies fly from her palm...

I still do not know how else this PV can be executed xD

At least, in my imagination. Right now all that comes up is beaches and spinning around xD Which is sort of what I did while listening to the song x]

I wouldn't say the PVs have degraded after the release of 2 singles. The overall quality of the PVs for (miss)understood was some of the best in my opinion. I found the BLUE BIRD PV good aswell, not degraded compared to her other summer PVs.

Let's wait with judging her untill when she releases her next album, or maybe the next two albums.

well, my chair is literally falling apart now, I've been spinning so much troughout the years :D

I've got plenty of ideas how they could have done it... I might write a storyline later :P

I agree that Ayu's PVs have gone a little down hill. I always liked how creative and interesting her PVs were (the first few I ever saw were during the "I am..."/ "RAINBOW" era); it was one of the things that gave me a good first impression of her.

I remember how disappointed I was with most of her PVs for "MY STORY". They were, for the most part, nice, but nothing special. Then, the PVs from her first 3 "(miss)understood" videos were wonderful. "is this LOVE" and "alterna" have become two of my favorites. I was so excited...

and then, B&D/PRIDE happened. And things haven't improved from there. IMO, they've all suffered from either bad concepts, bad direction, bad editing, lack of creativity, or all of the above.

It's just you. After Moments, we've had: is this LOVE?, alterna, HEAVEN, Ladies Night and rainy day, and all of them have pretty decent plots/messages. The PVs this year might not have been that promising, but the year is still not over.
Before Moments she did have some average/pointless/plotless PVs: Greatful days, Trust, For my dear..., vogue-Far Away-SEASONS, Daybreak, HANABI~episode II~, Fly high.

What's with ayu and the shirtless dancers? Well, if she's on the beach the guys have to be shirtless, because, well...that's a beach O_o;;;;

I think we'll get the 'story' PVs later on..

We just have her 'Uh oh, I'm doing the tour right now' PVs at the moment :D~

I'm sure we'll get awesome PVs later.. maybe even Beautiful Fighters! We haven't even heard the song yet! omg

I think her only complete dud have been Startin'.
(Born to Be is great because she's so beautiful!)
But Startin' has no redeeming qualities what-so-ever.

Even though BLUE BIRD is not very original, it looks nice. :)
Really, out of all her PVs, the only bad one has been Startin'.

Was Startin' really that bad? :[

I thought it was a weird PV, but if you think about the production quality and stuff, it was really amazing.. right?

Yeah, I can't wait to hear Beautiful Fighters! :D

The production quality sucked. The parodies sucked.
Yes, it actually was that bad, in my opinion. :P

The only thing that irritates me on Startin' is how the CG quality is extremely poor and horrid, specially since some older PV have incredibly much more excellent Cgs such as Hikki's Wait&See. It was quite unexcusable that they didn't invest much for better CGs (if they were going to be bad, better not put CGs)

That was a very good way of putting it :D. Yeah, we will definately see more of her story PVs, it's not like she will abandon them. If they'll be as good as alterna or some of her older ones... we can only wait and see :).

I seriously think she's trying to not go bankrupt doing PVs xD

/slaps the fairyland 200million >[

The CGing in that PV was what made me dislike it strongly aswell. I did however like the overall parody theme of it.

Indeed the CGing was terrible.. but.. I really thought the PV looked awesome~ :[

Costumes and etc~ :]

Yen :P

I think that PV wasn't all that cheaper than Fairyland... the yacht, all the helicopter shots... traveling... but I might be wrong, maybe it was pretty cheap...

Yes that was the biggest problem of Startin'. Otherwise the pv was quite fun to watch.

ImpactBreaker has a point, WHO GOES ON A BEACH AND DANCES THERE WITH SHIRTS ON?! o__o

W-INDS, I TELL YOU! W-IIIIIIIIIINDS! They're damn good :lech

Yep, CGs aapart, I really liked it. Specially her waving the black hat on the graveyard. She looked hot.

I cannot stress it enough that a lot of the money for fairyland probably ended up being used by the commissioning for a custom cabin to be build and then BURNED down xD

its not just ayumi, many artists make many boring videos. because...i don't know.
i thought the videos from her first album were not good, because no plot just standing and singing...for the most part of the video.

but hey, many artists make plotless videos, ALL the artists should be more creative about their videos.

I also think CG in Startin' was pretty lame... not technically, but visually... graveyard was OK, but the motorbike scenes -- nonono... I absolutely hate when they do motorbike/car scenes using greenscreen, it looks soooo fake! :/

Not to mention the storyline seemed pointless and pretty... unclear...

It was one of her more hilarious PVs with the exaggerated reactions and abundance of black / white people.

IMHO it was Endless Sorrow on some serious crack.

Yep, I haven't been seeing many creative PVs lately by other artists either....

lol xD

Now I want to see RAINBOW PV on acid! xD

Well, I meant that in the sense that there were random people of races other than Japanese in it. xD

I think Ayu has had some very good PVs, I actually pefer most of her recent PVs to her past ones. (Poker face, etc so boring) I think Ayu should look at some other directors with some fresh ideas.

Or she could always just stick to Wataru Takeishi~ who did like, all of her PVs up until a few years ago xD

Well, she seems to always put not-asians into her PVs :innocent
That's why I wanted to go to Japan and do as an extra, I know there'd be someone who'd need me!:luv2

Here's a list of the PVs done by Takeishi-san~

poker face, YOU, Trust, WHATEVER, LOVE ~destiny~, TO BE, Boys&Girls, appears, Kanariya, Fly high, vogue/Far away/SEASONS, SURREAL, M, evolution, NEVER EVER promo clip, Endless sorrow, Dearest [and Piano ver.], Daybreak, Free&Easy, RAINBOW, Humming 7/4, my name's WOMEN, fairyland, HEAVEN

...basically.. Ayu stopped using him during M.A and most of MY STORY~ :O

I loved<3 that part to death. The dress and hat is way awesome!

well, the first two years PVs were pretty boring, but I guess that was due to low funds... (although she went to NYC for appears o.0).

But The Trylogy was pretty fine. Not shallow at all.

And Dearest and RAINBOW are my absolute favs!

I agree with you 100%. No one brought up the older average/pointless/plot-less/strange pvs. Its nothing new and every artist comes out with a few bland pvs no and again. I would hardly say it's foreshadowing her downfall.

I think it's good to mix it up. Some people like pvs that aren’t deep, you can jump right into it and be comfortable and be entertained. Other people want something they can watch over and over so they can try and understand it.

Well you're aloud to think it's crap. I think most people liked it because it seemed to have a lot of meaning behind it. The style used was very "pop" and I think people took to that fact that it was different to them.

Ofcourse we need shirtless dancers! What other reason for male dancers existence there is, than seeing them topless finally?... xD

Absolutely NOT. Every year, Ayu has both good and bad pvs. And you saying all her pvs between 99-03 have good storyline or message is just plain wrong. Does Fly high has a storyline? What about Greatful Days, Boys & Girls, Evolution, Love destiny, Kanariya....??? Does every PV need a Da Vinci coded message? What's wrong with just Ayu having fun and partying as in Blue Bird?

amen

I would also like to emphasize this point. A lot of Ayu's old PVs are almost unwatchable in my opinion. Sure, she's released some duds recently (Born to be...., Pride) but she certainly released duds "back in the day" as well.

We're just spoiled.

True dat lol. Oh, and don't forget whiney and ungrateful.

amen #2

I like her PVs more and more.

I don't think that all of Ayu's recent PVs have been bad, but I suppose it all depends on the person. Some might like a lot of them, and some might only like a few, and some might not like any of them. Some people don't like the HEAVEN PV, for example, but me, I liked it. Same with alterna, I love it, but some people don't like it. It's just all personal taste, it probably would be difficult for Ayu to make a PV or song that every one of her fans would love.

let the church say amen

AMEN

She could always have explosions and stuff.

Everyone loves explosions.

Yeah I agree, I would be embarrassed to let anybody see TO BE or the trilogy.

*Starts a HanabiChick fanclub*

Yes, lets hope she will do that.

Oh, and with the explosions, you need girls washing cars. And some guys too. xD

Oh oh! And a backstory involving lost love and an angel with no voice on top of some tower. OH OH! And clowns.

And plane crashing into towers as well?... *is not sure if it was funny or at least XD or anything...*

But I agree with the car washing.
So true about TO BE, but trilogy is OK. She's basically just standing/sitting and singing. She's not annoying. The kids might be, but she's not.

Did I hear anyone say Startin'? Almost :P.
:D

I personally love TO BE so much. It's quite magical to me.. I dun see why it's embarrassing to show this pv to people..

A LOT of people dislike TO BE.. not sure why. xD

Reminds me of like, STEP you with some drugs added to it and a kaleidoscope.

Agreed. Not just her promotional videos, but the songs themselves. Back in the day, the only thing I used to listen to Ayu. I didn't know or care about any other music, but lately I hardly listen to her. I sometimes find myself switching over to Ayu for some of her amazing songs like I am..., Hanabi, M, etc., but her new music I have about 5 plays. (somehow PRIDE got very high on my last.fm; it's at about... 200-300 plays, and I know i didn't play it that much, even though I'm fond of the song.) I actually liked Bold & Delicious more than BLUE BIRD. Though she was on the back of a truck in new york, she wasn't acting as vain as she is now. All she did was be with some 'friends' (dancers) and dance in some sand. To me, as I said to Benny, I don't see her singing or acting from her heart anymore; it seems like it's more for the money. I rather have a crappy video with the emotion put into it rather than this recent stuff.

Are you sure your musical taste just hasn't grown since then? :/

When people usually talk about her crappy PVs, I hear most people say "INSPIRE" and how god awful it was. Personally, its one of my most favorite PVs she's made - it was fresh, energetic and exotic. And then people get off about the song too, about it being crap..its something she hadn't done before, which I loved. The lyrics are probably the strongest of 2004 as well - That whole single (mostly INSPIRE) is so underrated/bashed around too much.

::edit:: Also, I've been hearing people say about how now she acts vain/flaunts her "omg I have money" attitude around - I can see where people see that, but in all honestly - any normal person that goes on vacation to a place like that could do that. Going out on a boat with your friends, watching performers play with fire, dance around on a beach - anyone can do that. I don't think she's being vain or showing off her money. I mean, if you had the money to get a director, you could look like that too. Its nothing over the top, IMO.

Well, I have to agree her earlier PVs presented a different her when it came to expressing emotions... now it's sorta automatic, back then it seemed a lot more from heart...

But I think she had a lot more emotions to share back then. All the things from her past, all the thing's she's been going trough troughout the first years of her career... that was sorta of her engine... Now she's released from the hardness and it's time for her for some enjoyment... and that doesn't bring much originality nor variety...

maybe she's not that much for money now but rather for rest?... time off?...

^ I agree with this too. She's been releasing music for 8 years now. Thats a long time. She's written tons of songs. Maybe she doesn't have much more to say, or do. The pressure to meet deadlines, to have new songs ready - with "quality" must be enormous. Even Shiina Ringo (for all her worshippers here) said she really didn't have much more to say after KSK - And that was her third album.

omg. please look a bit deeper, 'cos INSPIRE / STEP you and HEAVEN are probably the most meaningful Ayu PVs...
But yeah she had some bad PVs, but also some frickin' awesome ones (alterna, is this LOVE?, startin', ladies night)

I don't think the quality of Hamasaki's PVs has changed much over her career, her recent style just doesn't suit your tastes.

The kind of PVs I like most are concerts. Just the singer and the music. I also like videos with interesting effects, scenery, or animation, like M -above & beyond- and Connected. I generally find the kind of PVs with acting and plots (which most people seem to like :shrug), especially Ayu's, ridiculous.

Her videos always explored differents things...this new video is her only video that looks very improvised and expontein and not so hermetic like STEP you or INSPIRE


bye

not necessarily cause nobody knows what is going on in her life

anybody can put on a mask

So does that mean that everyone who is acting sad or w/e is putting on a mask? :/

thats not what I said or meant

anybody can put on a mask

maybe she is happy maybe she isnt I dont know

i think most of the money is being spent on taking her whole crew to some holiday destination
seems like every summer they get a vacation
like
inspire : LA
fairyland : hawaii
BLUE BIRD: ??? some island lol

i feel that ayu will be putting out amazing PV's to come. We're saying after Moments her PV's have been lacking in quality right?
let us take a look (just my opinion people)

Inspire - fun beach setting, ayu looking sexy, and shes dancing. nothing wrong with that a lot of artists just dance anyways. let it be in a club or a beach.
GAME - to me, this was a great PV. an emotional beginning of the song. and it's a pure rock song. Just going to be her singing into a mic. what else?
CAROLS - such a sweet song. the dramatic-ness of it, and the tapping shoes into an empty theatre under the spotlight. the merry-go-round was such a beautiful setting.
About you - I was this was a twisted PV, and its definately one of my favourties.
walking proud - the most emotional PV i've seen from her in years. The setting was really beautiful and the plot and everything about it was great. (i just didn't understand the end, she pulls the clothe to reveal...?)
Humming 7/4 - ok yea, this is the only PV that i thought wasn't that great... but a fun song nonetheless.
STEP you - the styles and the costumes of having 4 different ayu's was fun :P i liked the scenary. very dark.
is this LOVE? - this PV would have to be second after alterna (which is also my favourite PV), only because (like CAROLS) it was dramatic and just weird things were going on around her.
fairyland - the infamous fairyland. what to say? they spent a whole lotta money on this, and people don't like it, nor did it win an award. which is kinda sad, because i thought the plot was great, The view of hawaii was gorgeous and she looked like she was having lotsa fun.
alterna - now this was a PV. so different, so dark, just not the ayu i was use to seeing. I replay it over and over (the PV and the song). goodness I can't believe she made a PV like this, it was pretty frightening as well. (at least for me)
HEAVEN - when i saw this i was like, Black and White again... but I loved the fact it took place in a subway station. and the train just came at the right moment.
Bold & Delicious - just a fun girl in the city, whats more to say. This may be the only PV the lacked in quality. (but the song did not :P)
Pride - i never really understood the PV. BUT she looked gorgeous (as usual) and the parts when it was raining, and she was just dragging her hands and body on the graffitti wall looked like she was crazy. again low production but good none the less.
ladies night - Who can't enjoy this? shes praising women. A powerful song and video to a lot of women. ( same goes for my name's WOMEN)
Rainy day - again, an emotional PV, simple beauty.
Startin' - the parody was funny. Its just a silly PV, that makes me smile. ok yea, the CG wasn't the best but ayu looked like she was having fun. and she looked so cute in the beginning and in the end :P
Born To Be... - way too bright, but being the inspirational song it is, the brightness of it gives on an aura of encouragement.
and now we got BLUE BIRD - just read the comment i gave about it on the BLUE BIRD PV thoughts thread.

Like someone said, the year isn't over, ayu still may release another 2-3 singles. and we are still awaiting the Beautiful Fighters PV.

I don't understand when people say ayu's acting on the latest PVs shows a more commercial and less spontaneous ayu. On BLUE BIRD her smile seemed a lot more genuine than her crying in HANABI~episode II~ which was extremely fake and commercial. So no big deal about it, ayu has ALWAYS been commercial in my opinion, after all she's a pop star.
No need to blame it all on her recent work when actually a lot of flaws people complain about were actually present on her past work.
About her being show-offy, for god's sake what have been all those Tu-ka adds she has made over the years with all the glamourish clothes, attitude and poses? Nothing exactly new in my opinion.
And honestly, comparing almost 35+ PVs against her latest few 10 is not exactly fair is that?

I thought that 2004 was a slight downturn for PV quality, but 2005 was an awesome year in terms of PVs. 05 and 03 are probably her best years ever PV wise. It's only this year so far where I've seen a big downturn. Hopefully things will pick up soon.

nope, STEP you/is this LOVE? and my names women were awesome!!

i tihnk her PV's have degraded from Bold & Delicious and Pride and on wards

Thank you for saying that. She had plenty of crappy PVs in the past. And sometimes it is nice to just watch something and not think, since I do enough of that at school. It would be a nice ballance, having some PVs that have a deep storyline, and some that are just entertaining.

I don't think she's flaunting her money or anything. She's just becoming a happier person, and there is nothing wrong with that. Happiness is an emotion. An emotional PV doesn't mean she has to be alone looking sad. And the idea of vacation itself is to flaunt one's wealthy, isn't it? I mean, the whole idea shows that one has enough time and money to be able to take a break off work.

And yes, the PVs from all artists have been really disappointing lately. The last good one was Redemption IMO, and it would have been better had Gackt didn't had that horrible hair :headache

Out of the 3 years mentioned, I think 2005 had better PVs than 2004. And so far, out of the 3 PVs in 2006, the PVs of 2004 were better than those.

Not really.. I think her best PVS are:
alterna
ourselves
Ladies night

It's still about the same to me.... some of her worst video clips (IMO) are from the suposedly good era...

HANABI ~episode II~
TO BE
Daybreak

as jasjasss has mentioned, ayu's pvs used to have nice storylines...

but i don't think this kinds of story-like pvs are still popular... ayu is doing her leader job of fashion. so don't you noticed that ayu's pv has become more and more details ...just like moments, and walking proud, alterna...so many examples.ayu has used many objects to express her feeling.

i think the story-like pvs are children's games. ayu has grown up, she would certainly not play those any more...

Disagreed! It only stopped being brilliant after Bold & Delicious. From there on it went downhill. With the exception of Rainy Day/Ladies Night of course. Those were awesome.

Pride- Meh, boring. Plus she looked like a boobless christmas tree in that hideous black thing while it rained.
Startin'- Heavens, no.
Born To Be...- It got dreadfully boring at second viewing, and the lights really do bug you after a while.
BLUE BIRD- Too dull, unexciting, and the dancers RUINED EVERYTHING.

Oh, and some rotten ones from before.
Humming 7/4- God awful. Kinda same with the song.
About You- Bloody boring.
Daybreak- No way to salvage this.

I got into H!P. >_< but I've discovered some good music though, tsunku IS a very good musician even though his girls aren't all that.
................................................
Allthough I agree that the quality of her PVs has been worse this year than last, I think 2005 was probably her best PV year ever (except for memorial address PVs perhaps). My name is woman was awesome, I just can't get enough of the dancing in the extended break, STEP you was entertaining and had such good music that I diden't need all that of a PV. is this love ? was beautiful and interesting, fairyland was beautiful, alterna was different, HEAVEN was tear jerking and emotional, B&D was just for fun and suited the NY funky diva style of the song perfectly.

Personally I diden't like all her PVs nor songs, but they were all "good" PVs.

I wish she once wrote a song like Jacko's Earth Song and filmed a PV like "Earth Song" musicvideo... that'd be something... or at least "Black and White".

I think it's just different styles. I didn't think ayu's past PVs were that spectacular. Just look at Fly High? I didn't like that PV. Way TOO much dancing. I personally thought kanariya was creepy and it was weird, didn't like that too much either (ok I love the Ayu scenes but the rest of it was just bad) and I yawned quite a lot for the trilogy of vogue, Far away and SEASONS. Musically-wise, I thought all of them were SUPERB though haha. I love Ayu's recent styles though like with all the crazy randomness in Ladies' Night and I ADORE alterna like crazy. I really like her PVs from Memorial Address onwards as she's kept on experimenting (ok, maybe NOT on the beach theme though) so I think it's really great! C'mon, you got to give her the credit for singing while driving through New York for Bold & Delicious! That was one heck of a "Ayu's REALLY BRAVE" PV. All in all, I think her recent works have appealed to me. Maybe not musically-wise though but I think PV wise it has offered me a very new side of Ayu. Probably the reason for all these "declines" in PV standards correlates to preconceived attitudes about how her music too is "declining" in standards.